Wednesday, May 03, 2006

Conceptions of Conception

Kevin Barney at BCC has an interesting post about the suggestion that Paul's advice contained in 1 Corinthians 11 about women covering their hair was based on an ancient understanding of how the male and female reproductive systems worked. I'm no ancient scholar, but I think it is an interesting idea at any rate.

Whatever the case, Paul wasn't the last prophetic figure to use an incorrect understanding of reproduction in instruction.

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Brigham Young is reported to have said:

It is said by Moses the historian that the Lord caused a deep sleep to come upon Adam and took from his side a rib and formed the woman that Adam called Eve-this should be interpreted that the Man Adam like all other Men had the seed within him to propagate his species. But not the Woman. She conceives the seed but she does not produce it. Consequently she was taken from the side or bowels of her father. This explains the mystery of Moses's dark sayings in regard to Adam and Eve. (John Nuttall diary)

Of course we now know that both men and women produce "seed." In fact, just for fun here are a couple of pictures. (Taken from here.)

This first one is of a seminiferous tubule of a rat. The circular structure in the center is an individual tubule seen in cross-section. Working from the edges inward, special cells will undergo division and maturation to produce sperm that begin their journey (likely to their ultimate doom).



And for balance, here is a developing follicle (unknown species). The blue arrow points to the actual egg.



Alright, histology class is over.

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Tuesday, May 02, 2006

Book Review: Lengthen Your Stride

I've finished reading the print version of Lengthen Your Stride: The Presidency of Spencer W. Kimball, written by Edward Kimball, the son of Spencer. I say the print version because for those who are not already aware, the book comes with an accompanying CD that contains the final manuscript with more extensive footnotes, as well as a working draft that, in some instances, contains more extensive discussion than the final draft. The CD also contains photographs, articles, other biographies of both Spencer and Camilla, and audio clips.

Edward Kimball co-authored a previous biography that covered Spencer's life up until his presidency. The research and interviews that went into this book are no afterthought; Edward watched his father's presidency with a future updated biography in mind.

There are several reasons to buy and read this biography:

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1. Get to know Pres. Kimball

Without knowing President Kimball personally it is impossible to know how well this biography stands in proxy. Nevertheless the many rememberances of people as reported in the book seem to give insight into his personality.

2. Behind the scenes look at the Church

Edward did not have access to any of Spencer's office papers, but he did have access to Spencer's personal journal, counselors, other General Authorities, and Spencer's personal secretary, Arthur Haycock. We get a glimpse of what managing the institution of the Church is like, including a few details of what happens at a meeting of the First Presidency and the Twelve in the temple.

3. Revelation on the Priesthood

The highlight of the Kimball administration was the revelation extending the Priesthood to all worthy males, ie. blacks. As Richard Cracroft wrote in a recent review in BYU Magazine:

At the center of Lengthen Your Stride is the capstone of President Kimball's presidency, the hosanna-shout that resounds through the five chapters that Edward Kimball devotes to the June 1978 revelation extending priesthood and temple blessings to all worthy males. These wonderful chapters will become the definitive description of the revelation for the history of the Church. They provide a careful composite of accounts by and interviews with some of the General Authorities who were present.
In fact Spencer specifically asked Edward to cover the 1978 revelation. The book also discusses the history of the ban and the process of questioning that occured prior to receipt of the revelation.

4. Candor on controversial topics

Again from Cracroft's review:
The biography treats with directness and candor the major issues the Church dealt with during those exciting years of growth and change and revelation. So unflinching are the reflections that the publisher felt it necessary to preface the book with an unusual disclaimer: "The publisher and the biographer do not agree on the interpretations . . . given to a number of events, or the choices of characterization of some of the people. The author and the publisher have had open and energetic discussions on these issues, and there has been some give and take in the editorial process" (p. ix). One apparent compromise is the welcome and unprecedented addition of a CD...
In addition to sources listed above, Edward skimmed through all of the issues of Sunstone and Dialogue, and both publications are repeatedly referenced in the footnotes (on the CD). If you read Dialogue's review of its own history, many of the items discussed therein--especially those that involved interactions with General Authorities--are treated at least briefly in this book. The book certainly cannot be viewed as an official publication of the Church, but Deseret Book is closely tied to the Church and is careful about what it publishes. Thankfully one can now cite a major book from Deseret Book on some of these issues. By "cite" I mean that when Bro. X in the ward wants to know how you know, say, that Elder McConkie admitted that Brigham Young taught confusing things about Adam, or that until Pres. Kimball's administration prayer circles were also held outside of temples, or that authorized plural marriages were performed after the 1890 Manifesto, you need not refer him to sources that he may discount because they are not mainstream. Such things may be available in other mainstream publications, but they are concentrated in this book (or on the CD).

Because of it's open and balanced approach, this is a book that both builds and informs testimony. I'll end with this story: In 1981 Spencer's health was slipping and his mind increasingly became foggy. One day his thoughts were clear and he discussed with Arthur Haycock his intention to call Gordon B. Hinckley as another counselor, and Neal A. Maxwell to the Twelve. The callings were extended and the appropriate business conducted. It was not long until the fog came back. With the other two counselors aging as well, President Hinckley was the only fully functioning member of the First Presidency for some time. Arthur wrote to President Hinckley,
In my forty-six years of close association with the last six presidents of the Church, I can say unequivocally that, to me personally, this is the greatest testimony of direct revelation I have ever witnessed....There is no doubt in my mind that the Lord strengthened President Kimball in mind and body and raised him up and inspired him to call [President Hinckley and Elder Maxwell.]

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Thursday, April 27, 2006

David Bailey's Latest Papers

I've highlighted David Bailey's website before; it contains pdf's of the various articles he's written, some of which have been published in Dialogue.

He's got a few more recent papers up. One on intelligent design looks like it is going to be appearing in Dialogue soon. His latest describes a program he wrote that takes random text and generates English text using an evolutionary process. You'll have to read it for the details. Then there is another on LDS Biblical literalism which, among other things, has some interesting comments about antediluvian ages.

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Wednesday, April 26, 2006

A Concise History of Creationism

A couple of months ago I reviewed The Creationists by Ronald Numbers. (See here and here.) While interesting, the book is somewhat long and, at times, boring. For those who don't want to wade through the book but are curious about the history of creationism, TalkOrigins as posted a fantastic summary that distills much of the book (plus some events since the book was published) into a 10-minute read. (Scroll down past the prior email stuff.) I highly recommend it.


Since I'm on the topic of creationism, DarkSyde at Daily Kos has done a series called "Know Your Creationists" that profiles some of the current people involved, on all sides of the issue (ie. mainstream science, creationism, intelligent design.)

If you only read one of them, it's got to be the one on Kent Hovind. It had me laughing out loud. In fact, just reviewing it had me chuckling again. (After you've read it, watch Strong Bad compose an English paper--see any similarities?)

Barbara Forrest

Jonathan Witt

Wesley Elseberry

Jonathan Wells

Ken Ham

Carl Baugh

Glenn Morton

Kent Hovind

Phillip Johnson

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Sunday, April 23, 2006

President Kimball and Birth Control

The biography Lengthen Your Stride: The Presidency of Spencer W. Kimball briefly discusses the issue of birth control and contains an interesting story. First in the way of background:

President Kimball felt that large families were desirable. He also believed that having a family should not be deferred until graduation from college or unitl finances became secure. This position did not, however, mean that a woman should have all the children she physically could bear. (p. 170)

Dr. Homer Ellsworth, an obstetrician, was once approached by the managing editor of the Ensign about writing an article about reproduction and fertility. Dr. Ellsworth did not seriously consider writing the article until President Kimball encouraged him--the topic having come up in conversation. Dr. Ellsworth wrote the article and submitted it to President Kimball, who then gave him permission to publish it.

However the article got hung in the Correlation Reading Committee until the managing editor informed them that "the Brethren" had approved it for publication. When asked who "the Brethren" were, he replied, "I don't know who all, but President Kimball has seen it."

When confirmation was received that President Kimball had approved the article, it was published in the August 1979 issue under "I have a question." The article stated:
...the method of spacing children—discounting possible medical or physical effects—makes little difference. Abstinence, of course, is also a form of contraception, and like any other method it has side effects, some of which are harmful to the marriage relationship.

President Kimball did not think a woman should have to have a baby every year, and regarding the method of spacing children he once told Dr. Ellsworth, "Abstinence for married people is not a good answer."

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Friday, April 21, 2006

Medical Marijuana

Sciam Observations (blog of Scientific American) has a post about medical marijuana, sparked by an article in the New York Times.

The sum up: The FDA says there is no evidence for medical use, but a report from the Institute of Medicine of the National Academy of Sciences says there is. Meanwhile researchers are having a hard time addressing the issue because of federal regulations. It's a political mess.

I think reasonable people can differ over public policy regarding marijuana use, but it seems to me that we ought to at least get to the bottom of the medical issue and go from there.

An interesting bit from the Times:

Opponents of efforts to legalize marijuana for medicinal uses suggest that marijuana is a so-called gateway drug that often leads users to try more dangerous drugs and to addiction.

But the Institute of Medicine report concluded there was no evidence that marijuana acted as a gateway to harder drugs. And it said there was no evidence that medical use of marijuana would increase its use among the general population.


If marijuana does have medicinal value, does its use for medical purposes violate the principles of the Word of Wisdom?

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Thursday, April 20, 2006

A Call for UFO Stories

Yesterday I received this email and agreed to post it.

I was wondering if you might be able to help me with something. I am writing a paper for this year’s Mormon History Association about modern Mormon encounters with UFOs. This is a follow-up to my presentation last year on early Mormons and UFOs. This paper is not about proving or disproving the existence of extraterrestrial life, but rather looking at how culture and religion frame the interpretation of these sorts of phenomenon. I am about finished but thought I’d invite any stories anyone would like to share. Would you be willing to post this request to your readers? I'm not looking exclusively for sightings, as I am very interested in explanations people may have heard in church, on missions, Boy Scouts, etc, about how UFOs fit into God’s greater plan. If people remember the late 1970s, I am curious if they heard talk of Battlestar Galactica and its relationship to the gospel. Feel free to give my email address: borderlands(a)netzero.com. I would also need basic info such as the person's age and the location of their experience. I am happy to maintain anonymity. Thanks so much! Michael Van Wagenen (U of U History grad student)

A little searching confirmed that he was listed as a presenter last year. If you have an interesting story you might want to contact him.

Disclaimer: I cannot vouch for Michael's identity or contact information. Use good internet judgment.


I know I've seen talk about Battle Star Galactica in the bloggernacle--anybody have a link?

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Wednesday, April 19, 2006

Bats Get Fingers, Snakes Lose Legs

Pharyngula has summaries of two interesting papers out this week.

The first one deals with the extention of bat digits to support flight. In case you didn't know, bats have really long "fingers" that run through their wings. The paper shows that their length is, at least in part, due to the expression level of a particular gene.

The second paper is about a fossil of a snake that has little legs.

Enjoy.

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